(contents)
Chapter 4: War and Peace in The Middle East (20)
106 Islamic
revolution in Iran (1/3)
Until the end of the 1970s Iran was the most stable country in the Middle East. In 1925 Rezah Shah, a general of Cossack Brigade, established Pahlavi dynasty by a coup d'etat. He changed the country name from Persia to Iran. During the World War II, he approached the Nazis of Germany. Iran, therefore, was surrendered by the Allied Forces. Rezah Shah was forced to abdicate in favor of his son, Muhammad Rezah Pahlavi. Then the Communist Party gained power. In 1951 Muhammad Mosaddegh became Prime Minister and nationalized the oil industry.
The
United States thought that communism and nationalization of oil industry in
Iran were critical for US Middle East policy. The US overthrew the Mosaddegh
government by the secret operation of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
Muhammad Rezah Pahlavi gained full authority again. Since then the honeymoon
between the United States and Iran had started. The United States generously
gave the state-of-the-art weapons to Iran. In return Iran poured the wealth of
oil to the United States. The US entrusted Iran to stabilize the Persian Gulf
region and to support indirectly the unstable Israel. Iran was called "the
Guardian of Persian Gulf". Muhammad made reign of terror with the
cooperation of the CIA of the United States and Mossad of Israeli intelligence
agency. The network of the secret police, so-called SAVAK, covered all over the
country. Agricultural land reform, privatization of state enterprises and right
of women's vote were introduced in order to curry the United States' favor. It
was called White Revolution.
(To be continued ----)
(From an ordinary citizen in the cloud)
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