(contents)
Chapter 4: War and Peace in The Middle
East (6)
092 Dictatorship shadows citizens’ peaceful
life (3/3)
The inaugurations of dictatorship were different from each other depend on the political and social situation of each countries. But it would be meaningful that many dictators had the same experience. Gaddafi of Libya, Hafiz al-Assad of Syria, Hosni Mubarak of Egypt, Abdullah Saleh of Yemen, Omar al-Bashir of Sudan were all military officers. Experience in the army was the fastest course to become dictator.
In case of Muammar Gaddafi
of Libya, he toppled the Kingdom of Libya by the coup d'etat in 1969. He
grabbed power and established Great Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya.
Jamahiriya means direct democracy. He did not allow people to call him as president.
People called him the supreme leader and he called himself as "colonel".
Gaddafi esteemed Egyptian president Nasser who had a title of colonel during
his military career. Gaddafi used carrot and stick distinctively to control tribes
in Libya. At the same time, he survived in the turbulent international politics
with marvelous tactics. Finally, he was killed in the civil war during
"Arab Spring". His dictatorship continued for 42 years and ended in
2011.
(To be continued ----)
(From an ordinary citizen in the cloud)
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